Journal
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 13-U143Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.09.009
Keywords
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma; Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma; Distal Cholangiocarcinoma
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [DK59427, T32 DK007198]
- Mayo Foundation
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Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are tumors that develop along the biliary tract. Depending on their site of origin, they have different features and require specific treatments. Classification of CCAs into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal subgroups has helped standardize the registration, treatment, and study of this lethal malignancy. Physicians should remain aware that cirrhosis and viral hepatitis B and C are predisposing conditions for intrahepatic CCA. Treatment options under development include locoregional therapies and a chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin. It is a challenge to diagnose perihilar CCA, but an advanced cytologic technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization for polysomy can aid in diagnosis. It is important to increase our understanding of the use of biliary stents and liver transplantation in the management of perihilar CCA, as well as to distinguish distal CCAs from pancreatic cancer, because of different outcomes from surgery. We review advances in the classification, diagnosis, and staging of CCA, along with treatment options.
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