Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 17, Pages 3597-3606Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2446463
Keywords
Optical switches; photonic integrated circuits
Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-12-2-0051]
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We present the design, fabrication, and measurement results of low-insertion-loss and low-crosstalk broadband 2 x 2 Mach-Zehnder switches for nanosecond-scale optical data routing applications. We propose a simulation framework to calculate the spectral characteristics of switches and use it to design two switches: one based on directional couplers, the other using two-section directional couplers for broader bandwidth. We show that driving the switch in a push-pull manner enables to reduce insertion loss and optical crosstalk at the expense of the optical bandwidth. We achieve a good correlation between simulations and devices fabricated in IBM's 90-nm photonics-enabled CMOS process. We demonstrate a push-pull drive switch with insertion loss of similar to 1 dB and an optical crosstalk smaller than -23 dB over a 45-nm optical bandwidth in the O-band. We further achieve a transition time of similar to 4 nswith an average phase shifter consumption of 1 mW and a heater efficiency of similar to 25 mW/pi.
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