Journal
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 700-709Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1300
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Funding
- Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology through the Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB)
- Korea government (MEST) [2008-0061331, 2010K000803]
- Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST) [R15-2006-020]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research at Ewha Womans University
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2008-0061331] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Purpose: Identification of novel biomarkers of cancer is important for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to identify marker genes of colorectal cancer (CRC) by combining bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data and validation experiments using patient samples and to examine the potential connection between validated markers and the established oncogenes such as c-Myc and K-ras. Experimental Design: Publicly available data from GenBank and Oncomine were meta-analyzed leading to 34 candidate marker genes of CRC. Multiple case-matched normal and tumor tissues were examined by RT-PCR for differential expression, and 9 genes were validated as CRC biomarkers. Statistical analyses for correlation with major clinical parameters were carried out, and RNA interference was used to examine connection with major oncogenes. Results: We show with high confidence that 9 (ECT2, ETV4, DDX21, RAN, S100A11, RPS4X, HSPD1, CKS2, and C9orf140) of the 34 candidate genes are expressed at significantly elevated levels in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, high-level expression of RPS4X was associated with nonmucinous cancer cell type and that of ECT2 with lack of lymphatic invasion while upregulation of CKS2 was correlated with early tumor stage and lack of family history of CRC. We also demonstrate that RPS4X and DDX21 are regulatory targets of c-Myc and ETV4 is downstream to K-ras signaling. Conclusions: We have identified multiple novel biomarkers of CRC. Further analyses of their function and connection to signaling pathways may reveal potential value of these biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 700-9. (C) 2011 AACR.
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