Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using a Wnt-Targeted Replicating Adenovirus Encoding the Na/I Symporter

Purpose: The Na/I symporter (hNIS) promotes concentration of iodine in cells. In cancer gene therapy, this transgene has potential as a reporter gene for molecular imaging of viral biodistribution and as a therapeutic protein promoting I-131-mediated radiotherapy. Here, we combined the imaging and therapeutic potential of hNIS in an oncolytic adenoviruses targeting colorectal cancer cells. Experimental Design: We generated an adenovirus (AdIP2) encoding hNIS and capable of selective replication in colorectal carcinoma cells. The selectivity of this virus was verified in vitro and in vivo. Its spread in tumors was monitored in vivo using single-photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging upon (TcO4-)-Tc-99m injection and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Metabolic radiotherapy was done through injection of therapeutic doses of I-131(-). Results: We showed in vitro and in vivo the selectivity of AdIP2 and that hNIS expression is restricted to the target cells. Imaging and immunohistochemical data showed that viral spread is limited and that the point of maximal hNIS expression is reached 48 hours after a single intratumoral injection. Administration of a single therapeutic dose of I-131 at this time point led to a dramatic reduction in tumor size not observed in hNIS-negative viruses. Conclusions: This report showed for the first time that the combination of the imaging and therapeutic potentials of hNIS can be applied to oncolytic adenoviruses in experimental models of cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6595-601)