Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 98, Issue 2, Pages 153-162Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4HI1214-594R
Keywords
host defense; antibody; immune regulation; lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; mice
Categories
Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01AI074862, R56AI110682]
- NIH [T32AI7273-27]
- UNC-Chapel Hill
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There is a need to understand better how to improve B cell responses and immunity to persisting virus infections, which often cause debilitating illness or death. People with chronic virus infection show evidence of improved virus control when there is a strong neutralizing antibody response, and conversely, B cell dysfunction is associated with higher viral loads. We showed previously that NK cells inhibit CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to disseminating LCMV infection and that depletion of NK cells attenuates chronic infection. Here, we examined the effect of NK cell depletion on B cell responses to LCMV infection in mice. Whereas mice infected acutely generated a peak level of antibody soon after the infection was resolved, mice infected chronically showed a continued increase in antibody levels that exceeded those after acute infection. We found that early NK cell depletion rapidly increased virus-specific antibody levels to chronic infection, and this effect depended on CD4(+) T cells and was associated with elevated numbers of CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T-FH cells. However, the NK cell-depleted mice controlled the infection and by 1 mo pi, had lower T-FH cell numbers and antibody levels compared with mice with sustained infection. Finally, we show that NK cell depletion improved antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses only when B cells and virus-specific antibody were present. Our data indicate that NK cells diminish immunity to chronic infection, in part, by suppressing T-FH cell and antibody responses.
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