3-hydroxyanthranilic acid is independently associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (CCL4) in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objectives: CC-chemokines and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Design and methods: We evaluate the plasma levels of anthranilic acid (AA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) and their possible relationship with CC-chemokines, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) as the marker of oxidative status and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as an index of inflammation in the population of 48 CKD patients. Results: Compared with controls, CKD patients showed a significant increase in plasma concentrations of CCL2, CCL4, AA, 3-HAA, Cu/Zn SOD and hsCRP. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified inflammation, renal function and 3-HAA levels as the independent variables significantly associated with increased CCL2; whereas age, 3-HAA and renal function as independent variables associated with CCL4. Conclusions: These results suggest a relationship between CC-chemokine system and KP activation, which may represent one of the mechanisms involved in the accelerated atherosclerosis in CKD population. (C) 2010 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.