Journal
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 37, Issue 7, Pages 764-771Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05371.x
Keywords
Akt; angiogenesis; angiogenic factors; endothelial cells; garlic; gasotransmitter; ischaemia
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2010CB912601, 2009ZX09303-006, 2009ZX09301-011]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30825016]
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P>1. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has recently been recognized as a gasotransmitter that regulates angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo under physiological and ischaemic conditions. 2. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis are summarized briefly and the most recent progress in H2S-induced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro is described. The anti-angiogenic effects of garlic extracts, which may serve as substrates for H2S-generating enzymes in vivo, are also discussed. 3. Hydrogen sulphide increases cell growth, migration and the formation of tube-like structures in cultured endothelial cells. These effects are dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-survivin signalling pathway. Neovascularization in vivo has also been demonstrated to be promoted in the mouse Matrigel plug assay, as well as in chicken chorioallantoic membranes. In a rat unilateral hindlimb ischaemic model, treatment with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), an H2S donor, promotes significant angiogenesis and improves regional blood flow. These effects may be mediated by interactions between upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skeletal muscle cells and VEGF receptor 2 and the downstream signalling element Akt in vascular endothelial cells. However, H2S does not exhibit a pro-angiogenic effect at a high concentrations/doses. 4. Based on the studies reviewed in the present article, we assume that, at physiologically relevant doses/concentrations, H2S/HS- promote angiogenesis at least partly via the VEGF signalling pathway. At high doses, H2S/HS- may act on additional cellular targets to evoke mechanisms that counteract the pro-angiogenic pathways. More studies need to be performed analysing the general interactions between H2S/HS- and other molecules, including other gasotranmitters, such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide (CO).
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