Therapeutic efficacy of rituximab for the management of adult-onset steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective study

BackgroundRecent reports have described the efficacy of rituximab in treating steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) in pediatric patients. However, few reports describe data regarding adult-onset SDNS. We investigated the efficacy of rituximab for the management of adult-onset SDNS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study investigating eight patients with adult-onset SDNS who were treated with rituximab. Clinical data were obtained at the initiation of rituximab therapy. The primary outcomes evaluated were successful suppression of relapses and CD19+ cells after rituximab treatment. The corticosteroid- and immunosuppressant-sparing effect and adverse events were additionally evaluated.ResultsAll eight patients were diagnosed with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and received immunosuppressants in addition to corticosteroid. Total number of relapses was 10.5 times as a median value. Rituximab administration was repeated in two patients, whereas six received single-dose rituximab. Three of eight (37.5%) patients showed relapse after rituximab therapy. A rituximab-induced depletion in CD19+ cells noted initially was followed by their reappearance in all patients. There were cases with no relapse after the reappearance of CD19+ cells. The median relapse time pre- and post-rituximab therapy showed a decrease from 1time/year (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3times/year) to 0time/year (IQR 0-1time/year). Rituximab treatment induced a significant reduction in the required doses of corticosteroid and cyclosporine (P<0.01). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionRituximab treatment was effective not only in childhood-onset but also in adult-onset SDNS. Further studies are needed to establish optimal treatment regimens.