Journal
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 172, Issue 2, Pages 186-202Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cei.12085
Keywords
autoimmunity; diabetes; immunotherapy
Categories
Funding
- UK Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre
- EU
- EU FP7 PEVNET programme
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
- Medical Research Council [MR/J006742/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Immune-based therapies that prevent type 1 diabetes or preserve metabolic function remaining at diagnosis have become a major objective for funding agencies and international trial consortia, and receive backing from notable patient advocate groups. The development of immune-based therapeutic strategies in this arena requires a careful balancing of the risks of the therapy against the potential benefits, because many individuals are diagnosed or identified as being at increased risk of disease in early childhood, a period when manipulation of the developing immune system should be undertaken with caution. In addition, a therapy exists (daily insulin injection) that is life-saving in the acute stages of disease and can be used effectively over a lifetime as maintenance. Conversely, the disease is increasing in incidence; is peaking in ever-younger age groups; carries significant risk of increased morbidity and early mortality; and remains difficult to manage effectively in many settings. With these issues in mind, in this article we review progress towards immune-based strategies for this chronic autoimmune disease.
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