Journal
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 413, Issue 15-16, Pages 1163-1170Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.021
Keywords
Cytokines; IL-1 family; IL-1 gene polymorphisms; Mode of action; Type 2 Diabetes
Categories
Funding
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi
- ICMR, New Delhi, India
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Cytokines are small cell signaling protein molecules which encompass a large and diverse family. They consist of immunomodulating agents such as interleukins and inteferons. Virtually all nucleated cells, especially endo/epithelial cells and macrophages are potent producers of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. IL-1 family is a group of cytokines which play a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been recognized as an immune mediated disease leading to impaired insulin signaling and selective destruction of insulin producing beta-cells in which cytokines play an important role. Disturbance of anti-inflammatory response could be a critical component of the chronic inflammation resulting in T2D. IL-1 family of cytokines has important roles in endocrinology and in the regulation of responses associated with inflammatory stress. The IL-1 family consists of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra or IL-1RN). This review is an insight into the different types of cytokines belonging to IL-1 family, their modes of action and association with Type 2 diabetes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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