Journal
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 617-623Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10098-011-0378-9
Keywords
Semicentralized; Integrated technology; Energy production; Biomass; Waste; Co-fermentation; Environmental management; Hanoi
Categories
Funding
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
- Vietnamese Ministry of Construction
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The development of the world population is characterized by an absolute population growth and a rapid urbanization. This process, taking place in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, poses major pressure on the affected urban regions. In Asian countries, this development is combined with high economic growth rates. At the same time, the climate change is proceeding, and the energy supply is going to become an existential problem. The rapidly growing cities therefore face the issue that the supply of infrastructures and public services lag behind the rapid urbanization. The increasing energy costs and the imperative to reduce the CO(2) emissions aggravate the situation. The centralized systems which started to be implemented in the industrialized countries more than 100 years ago are no longer the appropriate way to solve these problems. The semicentralized integrated approach, recently developed for rapidly growing urban regions in China, in contrast, offers with its flexibility a sustainable solution to cope with these developments. This article presents objectives and first results of an interdisciplinary R&D project aiming at the adaptation of the semicentralized integrated approach to the case of Hanoi, the rapidly growing capital of Vietnam, to contribute to the solution of the sanitation problems of both the old City Center and the urban expansions in conjunction. This article focuses on the planning and institutional aspects. The technical questions will be presented later in separate articles. The ongoing project is conducted by the Technische Universitat Darmstadt in cooperation with the National University of Civil Engineering Hanoi and an industrial partner.
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