Journal
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 403-+Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000171
Keywords
cardiovascular disease; heart failure; population-based; resting heart rate
Categories
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBLAP3-132943]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) [918-76-619, 916-12-154, 80-82500-98-10208]
- Erasmus Medical Center
- Erasmus University Rotterdam
- Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports
- European Commission (DG XII)
- Municipality of Rotterdam
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBLAP3-132943] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Background-An elevated resting heart rate is associated with rehospitalization for heart failure and is a modifiable risk factor in heart failure patients. We aimed to examine the association between resting heart rate and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study of healthy adults without pre-existing overt heart disease. Methods and Results-We studied 4768 men and women aged >= 55 years from the population-based Rotterdam Study. We excluded participants with prevalent heart failure, coronary heart disease, pacemaker, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, and those using beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. We used extended Cox models allowing for time-dependent variation of resting heart rate along follow-up. During a median of 14.6 years of follow-up, 656 participants developed heart failure. The risk of heart failure was higher in men with higher resting heart rate. For each increment of 10 beats per minute, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios in men were 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.28; P=0.005) in the time-fixed heart rate model and 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.25; P=0.017) in the time-dependent heart rate model. The association could not be demonstrated in women (P for interaction=0.004). Censoring participants for incident coronary heart disease or using time-dependent models to account for the use of beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers during follow-up did not alter the results. Conclusions-Baseline or persistent higher resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure in healthy older men in the general population.
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