Journal
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
Volume 109, Issue 9, Pages 1067-1081Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243709
Keywords
embryonic stem cells; progenitor cells; epigenetics; chromatin; pluripotent stem cells; cell differentiation
Funding
- Max Planck Society
- German Research Council [DFG Br1416, SFB TRR81]
- University of Giessen-Marburg Lung Center
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System
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Stem cells of all types are characterized by the ability to self-renew and to differentiate. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that both maintenance of stemness and lineage commitment, including determination of the cardiomyogenic lineage, are tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Epigenetic mechanisms are intrinsically reversible, interdependent, and highly dynamic in regulation of chromatin structure and specific gene transcription programs, thereby contributing to stem cell homeostasis. Here, we review the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation and in the control of cardiac progenitor cell commitment during heart development. Further progress in this area will help to decipher the epigenetic landscape in stem and progenitor cells and facilitate manipulation of stem cells for regenerative applications. (Circ Res. 2011;109:1067-1081.)
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