Salt- Free Reduction of Nonprecious Transition- Metal Compounds: Generation of Amorphous Ni Nanoparticles for Catalytic C-C Bond Formation

A salt-free procedure for the generation of a wide variety of metal(0) particles, including Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, was achieved using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza- 2,5-cyclohexadiene (1), which reduced the corresponding metal precursors under mild conditions. Notably, Ni particles formed in situ from the treatment of Ni(acac) 2 (acac = acetylacetonate) with 1 in toluene exhibited significant catalytic activity for reductive C - C bond-forming reactions of aryl halides in the presence of excess amounts of 1. By examination of high-magnification transmission electron microscopy images and electron diffraction patterns, we concluded that amorphous Ni nanoparticles (Ni aNPs) were essential for the high catalytic activity.