Journal
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0063-6
Keywords
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Experimental colitis; Nitric oxide (NO); Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); Nuclear factor-kappa B; Interferon (IFN)-gamma; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; helminth; hydatid laminated layer; Echinococcus granulosus
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Funding
- national agency of scientific development and research in health (ANDRS)
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Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is an immunologically mediated disease. Notably, it is less common in countries where there is a greater risk of exposure to helminths. In our study, we examined the modulatory effect of the laminated layer extracted from the cyst wall of a helminth parasite, Echinococcus granulosus, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods: An acute colitis was induced in BALB/c mice using 2.5% w/v DSS in drinking water. The crude extract of E. granulosus laminated layer was injected intraperitoneally daily, starting 3 days before colitis induction. The Disease Activity Index was monitored daily, colon length and weight were measured and histological scores were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels (interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the colonic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was examined. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance and the survival rate was analyzed by the long rank test. Results: Hydatid laminated layer pretreatment significantly improved the clinical symptoms and histological scores (*** p < 0.01) observed during DSS-induced colitis and maintained mucus production by goblet cells. Furthermore, treatment with hydatid laminated layer caused a significant decrease in NO, IFN-gamma (** p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha production (* p < 0.05) and an increase in IL-10 production. These results were associated with localized downregulation of iNOS and NF-kappa B expression. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the potent anti-inflammatory effects of hydatid laminated layer. Furthermore, preventive treatment with the laminated layer played a beneficial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier against DSS-induced injury.
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