Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 212, Issue 3, Pages 453-462Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv064
Keywords
antibody; Group B Streptococcus; HIV; immunity; Streptococcus agalactiae; transplacental transfer
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Funding
- Carnegie Corporation of New York [B8749]
- Discovery Foundation [20289/1]
- career development award from the Medical Research Council of South Africa
- National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology
- South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council of South Africa
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Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants are at increased risk of invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease; however, the reason for this increased susceptibility has not been characterized. Methods. We compared GBS capsular and surface-protein maternal immunoglobin G antibody concentrations and cord-maternal ratios between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mother-newborn dyads. Results. Median capsular antibody concentrations (mu g/mL) were lower in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women for serotypes Ib (P =.033) and V (P = .040); and for pilus island (PI)-1 (P = .016), PI-2a (P = .015), PI-2b (P = .015), and fibrinogen-binding protein A (P < .001). For serotypes Ia and III, cord-maternal ratios were 37.4% (P < .001) and 32.5% (P = .027) lower in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected mother-newborn dyads. The adjusted odds of having capsular antibody concentration = 2 mu g/mL when comparing HIV-infected to -uninfected women were 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .15-.75) and 0.34 (95% CI, .12-1.00) for serotypes Ia and III, respectively. Antibody levels and cord-maternal ratios were independent of CD4(broken vertical bar) lymphocyte counts or HIV-1 viral load. Conclusions. The lower GBS antibody concentrations and reduced transplacental antibody transfer in HIV-infected women, which likely contribute to their infants being at heightened susceptibility for invasive GBS disease, could possibly be mitigated by vaccination with a GBS conjugate vaccine currently under clinical development.
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