Journal
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 577-591Publisher
PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2010.485126
Keywords
Attention deficit; hyperactivity disorder; Inattentive subtype; Processing speed; Stroop color; word test; ADD
Categories
Funding
- NIH National Institute of Mental Health [R01-MH63146, R01-MH59105, R01-MH70542]
- NIH [F31 MH075533]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH063146, F31MH075533, R21MH070542, R01MH059105] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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DSM-IV-TR defines ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive as allowing up to five symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, while theories of the inattentive type usually assume a group that is hypoactive and characterized by processing speed and cognitive interference deficits. In a community-recruited sample of 572 children and adolescents, a pure inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADD) was defined as those who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD-PI but had two or fewer hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Processing and output speeds of those with ADD were compared to those identified with DSM-IV-TR ADHD combined type and non-ADHD controls. These results were then contrasted with those found when DSM-IV-TR defined ADHD-PI was compared with ADHD-C and controls. Processing and output speed were assessed with the Trailmaking A and B and the Stroop Naming Tests. Cognitive interference control was assessed with the interference score from the Stroop Task. Slower cognitive interference speed was found in the ADD vs. ADHD-C and controls comparisons, but not the ADHD-PI versus ADHD-C and controls comparisons. On output speed measures, ADD exhibited the slowest performance, significantly different from controls and the effect size for the set-shifting speed contrast (Trailmaking B) was double that of the ADHD-PI vs. control comparison. ADHD-Inattentive type as defined by the DSM-IV-TR is a heterogeneous condition with a meaningful proportion of those affected exhibiting virtually no hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. This subgroup may represent a distinct inattentive condition characterized by poor cognitive interference control and slow processing or output speed.
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