Portable indices for sarcopenia are associated with pressure wave reflection and central pulse pressure: the J-SHIPP study

Objective: We recently reported that thigh muscle sarcopenia measured by computed tomography is related to arterial stiffness, pressure wave reflection, and central pulse pressure (PP). However, it remains to be determined whether more straightforward and simple techniques such as hand grip strength and the bio-impedance method are also useful for the clinical evaluation of sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 1593 middle-aged to older patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured as an index of arterial stiffness. Second PP (PP2) at the second peak of radial SBP was used to estimate central PP. Radial augmentation index was calculated as PP2/PP. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area and abdominal visceral fat area were quantified by computed tomography. Patients were classified as sarcopenic if their hand grip strength or skeletal muscle mass (measured by bioelectrical impedance) was more than 1 SD lower than the mean of those in a reference group aged below 50 years, or in the lowest 20% of the studied population. Visceral obesity was defined as visceral fat area greater than 100 cm(2). Results: Antidyslipidemia drug and antidiabetic drug were significantly associated with lower hand grip strength. Both sarcopenic indices were significantly and independently associated with baPWV, radial augmentation index, and PP2. Sarcopenia defined by either criterion was significantly associated with higher baPWV, radial augmentation index, and PP2. Visceral obesity was significantly associated only with baPWV. Conclusion: These findings indicate the clinical usefulness of noninvasive methods for assessment of sarcopenia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.