Reversibly Triggered Protein-Ligand Assemblies in Giant Vesicles

External small-molecule triggers were used to reversibly control dynamic protein-ligand interactions in giant vesicles. An alcohol dehydrogenase was employed to increase or decrease the interior pH upon conversion of two different small-molecule substrates, thereby modulating the pH-sensitive interaction between a Ni-NTA ligand on the vesicle membrane and an oligohistidine-tagged protein in the lumen. By alternating the small-molecule substrates the interaction could be reversed.