Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 513-523Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403022
Keywords
alkaline fuel cells; alkaline stability; anion exchange; membranes; ionic liquids
Funding
- Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) [03ET2004A]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [03SF0473]
- Energie Baden-Wurttemberg (EnBW)
- FuMA-Tech
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The alkaline stability of 26 different quaternary ammonium groups (QA) is investigated for temperatures up to 160 degrees C and NaOH concentrations up to 10molL(-1) with the aim to provide a basis for the selection of functional groups for hydroxide exchange membranes in alkaline fuel cells and of ionic-liquid cations stable in basic conditions. Most QAs exhibit unexpectedly high alkaline stability with the exception of aromatic cations. -Protons are found to be far less susceptible to nucleophilic attack than previously suggested, whereas the presence of benzyl groups, nearby hetero-atoms, or other electron-withdrawing species promote degradation reactions significantly. Cyclic QAs proved to be exceptionally stable, with the piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane featuring the highest half-life at the chosen conditions. Absolute and relative stabilities presented herein stand in contrast to literature data, the differences being ascribed to solvent effects on degradation.
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