Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 577-584Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300706
Keywords
electrochemistry; energy conversion; membranes; redox chemistry; vanadium
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) [57558]
- DOE [DE-AC05-76L01830]
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The results of the investigation of the capacity decay mechanism of vanadium redox flow batteries with microporous separators as membranes are reported. The investigation focuses on the relationship between the electrochemical performance and electrolyte compositions at both the positive and negative half-cells. Although the concentration of total vanadium ions remains nearly constant at both sides over cycling, the net transfer of solution from one side to the other and thus the asymmetrical valance of vanadium ions caused by the subsequent disproportionate self-discharge reactions at both sides lead to capacity fading. Through in situ monitoring of the hydraulic pressure of the electrolyte during cycling at both sides, the convection was found to arise from differential hydraulic pressures at both sides of the separators and plays a dominant role in capacity decay. A capacity-stabilizing method is developed and was successfully demonstrated through the regulation of gas pressures in both electrolyte tanks.
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