Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 5, Issue 8, Pages 1449-1454Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100770
Keywords
biomass; green chemistry; hydrolysis; mass spectrometry; oligosaccharides
Funding
- Max Planck Society
- ERC
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Excellence Initiative by the German federal government
- Excellence Initiative by the German state government
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The use of cellulose is hampered by difficulties with breaking up the biopolymer into soluble products. Herein, we show that the impregnation of cellulosic substrates with catalytic amounts of a strong acid (e.g., H2SO4, HCl) is a highly effective strategy for minimizing the contact problem commonly experienced in mechanically assisted, solid-state reactions. Milling the acid-impregnated cellulose fully converts the substrate into water-soluble oligosaccharides within 2 h. In aqueous solution, soluble products are easily hydrolyzed at 130 degrees C in 1 h, leading to 91?% conversion of the glucan fraction of a-cellulose into glucose, and 96?% of the xylans into xylose. Minor products are glucose dimers (8?%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1?%) and furfural (4?%). Milling practical feedstocks (e.g., wood, sugarcane bagasse, and switchgrass) also results to water-soluble products (oligosaccharides and lignin fragments). The integrated approach (solid-state depolymerization in combination with liquid-phase hydrolysis) could well hold the key to a highly efficient entry process in biorefinery schemes.
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