Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 502-507Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000305
Keywords
acidity; catalysis; carbon dioxide fixation; cycloaddition; epoxidation
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB219901]
- National Key Technology RD Program [2008BAF33B04]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGCX2-YW-321]
- National Science Foundation of China [21006117]
- National Science Fund of China for Distinguished Young Scholars [20625618]
- Science and Technology Project of Beijing [Y090081135]
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A series of acid-base bifunctional catalysts (ABBCs) that contain one or two Bronsted acidic sites in the cationic part and a Lewis-basic site in the anionic part are used as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, without the use of additional co-catalyst or co-solvent. The effects of the catalyst structures and various reaction parameters on the catalytic performance are investigated in detail. Almost complete conversion can be achieved in 1 h for propylene oxide using [{(CH2)(3)COOH}(2)im]Br under mild reaction conditions (398 K and 2 MPa). Furthermore, the catalyst can be recycled over five times without substantial loss of catalytic activity. This protocol is found to be applicable to a variety of terminal epoxides, producing the corresponding cyclic carbonates in good yields and high selectivities. A synergistic effect of the acidic and the basic sites as well as suitable hydrogen-bonding strength of ABBCs are considered crucial for the reaction to proceed smoothly. The activities of the ABBCs increase remarkably with increasing carboxylic-acid chain length of the cation. This metal-and solvent-free process thus represents an environmentally friendly process for BTC-catalyzed conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals.
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