Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 609-618Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900262
Keywords
Composites; heterogeneous catalysis; nanotubes; photochemistry; titanium
Funding
- FEDER [SFRH/BD/16966/2004, POCI/EQU/58252/2004, POCTI/1181/2003]
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A nanostructured multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) and titanium dioxide composite Catalyst is prepared by a modified acid-catalyzed sol-gel method: Pure anatase TiO2 and the CNT-TiO2 composite are tested in the photocatalytic degradation of four para-substituted phenols: 4-chlorophenol, 4-aminophenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-nitrophenol. The effect of several operational parameters on the photoefficiency of the composite catalyst is studied by using 4-chlorophenol as model compound, namely catalyst loading, pH of the medium, hydrogen peroxide concentration, substrate concentration. A relationship between the Hammett constant of each para-substituted phenolic compound and its degradability by the photocatalysts is found. The effect of the carbon phase in the catalyst is ascribed to its photosensitizer action. A clear beneficial effect is observed for the degradation of 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol. For the molecules with stronger electron-withdrawing (deactivating) groups, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-nitrophenol, no synergy effect is observed.
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