Journal
CHEMPHYSCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 1917-1926Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100829
Keywords
ionic liquids; metallocenes; oxidation; surface chemistry; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Funding
- EPSRC [EP/D073014/1, EP/D501229/1]
- EPSRC [EP/D501229/1, EP/D073014/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/D073014/1, EP/D501229/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study a series of five 1-(ferrocenylmethyl)-3-methylimidazolium- and 1-(ferroceniummethyl)-3-methylimidazolium-based salts. All samples emit good photoelectron fluxes with sharp, well-resolved photoelectron peaks. Due to the low volatility of imidazolium-salts at ambient temperature, no modification of the XP spectrometer was required. Two of the salts exhibit supercooling behaviour, allowing XPS to be recorded at room temperature on liquid samples without the need for charge neutralisation. The photoelectron peaks can be assigned to the component atoms of the salts, based on previous studies on ferrocene, ferrocenium-compounds and ionic liquids. Oxidation of the ferrocenyl moiety to ferrocenium shiftsthe Fe 2p and cyclopentadienyl C 1s photoelectron peaks to higher binding energy but does not affect the imidazolium and anion peaks. Under charge-neutralisation conditions, in which the sample is flooded with low-energy electrons, the ferrocenium moiety of the salt 1-(ferroceniummethyl)-3-methylimidazolium di(hexafluorophosphate) is partially reduced.
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