Journal
CHEMPHYSCHEM
Volume 10, Issue 9-10, Pages 1389-1398Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900238
Keywords
biopolymer conformational dynamics; fluorescence spectroscopy; molecular diagnostics; photoinduced electron transfer; protein folding
Funding
- German Research Foundation [DFG NE1201/2-1, SFB613]
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Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between organic fluorophores and suitable electron donating moieties, for example, the amino acid tryptophan or the nucleobase guanine, can quench fluorescence upon van der Waals contact and thus report-on molecular contact. PET-quenching has been used as reporter for monitoring conformational dynamics in polypeptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Whereas dynamic quenching transiently influences quantum yield and fluorescence life-time of the fluorophore, static quenching in pi-stacked complexes efficiently suppresses fluorescence emission over time scales longer than the fluorescence lifetime. Static quenching therefore provides sufficient contrast to be observed at the single-molecule level. Here, we review complex formation and static quenching of different fluorophores by various molecular compounds, discuss applications as reporter system for macromolecular dynamics, and give illustrating examples.
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