Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 212, Issue -, Pages 554-562Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.114
Keywords
Solar energy; Nanofluid; Desalination; Air gap membrane distillation; Titanium nitride
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0400501]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51578533]
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Nanofluids have excellent solar energy utilization efficiency due to the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. In this study, photothermal nanofluids were employed as the feed solution for energy harvesting in solar powered membrane distillation. Ten different nanofluids were compared and TiN (titanium nitride) was chosen following UV-Vis-NIR-waveband (ultraviolet visible near-infrared) optical absorption analysis, zeta potential measurement, and membrane distillation flux testing. Desalination experiments were conducted using a range of TiN concentrations and solar radiation powers. The results showed that water flux and solar energy utilization efficiency increased with increasing TiN content. Compared to the base fluid (35 g/L NaCl aqueous solution), flux increased from 0.47 to 0.74 kg/(m(2). h), while energy utilization efficiency improved from 32.1% to 50.5% for 100 mg/L TiN nanofluid. Flux also increased with the increasing of solar radiation power markedly. With 5 kW/m(2) solar radiation power, the flux reached 2.77 kg/(m(2). h). Furthermore, the permeate water produced was of excellent quality contained less than 10 mg/L salinity when using 35 g/L NaCl feed solution. And no nanoparticles were detected transport through the membrane during the process. The nanofluid enhanced solar powered membrane distillation represents a promising perspective for better solar energy utilization. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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