Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 91, Issue 4, Pages 455-461Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.066
Keywords
Cadmium (Cd); Contamination; Estimated daily intake (EDI); High consumer; Leafy vegetable; Target hazard quotient (THQ)
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Funding
- General Research Fund [HKBU 261510]
- Research Grants Council of the University Grants Committee, Hong Kong [SEG HKBU09]
- Mini-AoE (Area of Excellence) Fund of Hong Kong Baptist University [RC/AOE/08-09/01]
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A systematic survey of heavy metal (HM) concentrations and bioaccessibilities in market vegetables in Hong Kong were carried out for assessing potential health risk to local inhabitants. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in nine major groups of fresh vegetable varied within 0.007-0.053, 0.05-0.17, 0.05-0.24, 0.26-1.1, 0.62-3.0, and 0.96-4.3 mg kg(-1), respectively, and their average bioaccessibilities varied within 21-96%, 20-68%, 24-62%, 29-64%, 30-77%, and 69-94%, respectively. The bioaccessible estimated daily intakes (BEDIs) of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn from vegetables were far below the tolerable limits. The total bioaccessible target hazard quotient (TBTHQ) of the six HMs was 0.18 and 0.64 for average and high consumers, respectively, with Cd and leafy vegetable being the major risk contributors. Risk assessment of HMs from foods should be modified by taking bioaccessibility into account. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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