Disposition of fipronil in rats

In the scientific literature, little attention has been paid to the disposition of fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole insecticide. In this study, the tissue distribution, the metabolic fate, and the elimination of fipronil was investigated in rats using radiolabeled fipronil. When a single oral dose of C-14-fipronil (10 mg kg(-1) b.w.) was given to rats, the proportion of dose eliminated in urine and feces 72 h after dosing was ca 4% for each route. At the end of the experiment the highest levels of radioactivity were found in adipose tissue and adrenals. The main part of the radioactivity present in investigated tissues (adipose tissue, adrenals, liver, kidney, testes) was due to fipronil-sulfone. Five additional metabolites, isolated from urine were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Most of them are formed by the loss of the trifluoromethylsulphinyl group and subsequent hydroxylation and/or conjugation to glucuronic acid or sulfate. In conclusion, the retention of the metabolite fipronil sulfone in tissues following fipronil administration raises the question of the potential toxicity of this insecticide. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.