Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages 446-453Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.038
Keywords
BDE 15; Freshwater fish; Bioaccumulation; Metabolism; OH-PBDEs
Categories
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421604]
- National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2007AA06A405]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20977044]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science & Technology Development Foundation
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Significant biotransformation of some PBDEs via reductive debromination has been observed. However, little is known about the fate of lower brominated BDEs in fish. In this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE 15) were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) which were exposed to spiked water solution at different concentrations for 50 d, followed by a 14-d depuration period. Bioaccumulation parameters were calculated and the results showed that BDE 15 was mainly concentrated in the gill and liver. In particular, five biotransformation products of BDE 15 in carp were identified using GC-MS/MS. Besides two debrominated metabolites, three of the metabolites were mono-OH-BDE 15, diOH-BDE 15 and bromophenol. Our results unequivocally suggested that BDE 15 oxidation did occur via the formation of hydroxylated (OH-) metabolites in crucian carp exposed in vivo. These findings will be useful for determination of the metabolic pathways of PBDEs in freshwater fish, especially about their oxidation metabolism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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