Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 89, Issue 9, Pages 1091-1097Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.075
Keywords
Antifouling paints; Biomarkers; Immunomarkers; Copper bioavailability; Dicentrarchus labrax; Oxidative stress
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Funding
- General Secretariat for Research & Technology (Ministry of Development, Greece) in the framework of Joint Research Projects between Greece-Spain
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We studied if the levels of copper released from antifouling treated nets used in finfish mariculture could affect the immune defense mechanism and/or induce oxidative stress in Dicentrarchus labrax, after short term exposure in laboratory experiments. Dissolved copper concentration released from the treated nets, copper bioavailability and a set of biomarkers responses were measured. Biomarkers included hemoglobin concentration, activities of lysozyme, total complement, respiratory burst, glutathione S-transferase and acetycholinesterase and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results indicated elevated copper concentration in seawater (184 mu g L-1) but low concentration in muscle (1.5 mu g g(-1)) and liver (117 mu g g(-1)). Copper bioavailability was independent of copper complexes with dissolved organic carbon. However, formation of copper complexes with other matrices could neither be excluded nor justified. The released copper from the treated nets did not induce oxidative stress but affected the immediate immune defense mechanism of the exposed fish making them more easily vulnerable to diseases. Consequently, copper-based antifouling treated nets could be a risk factor for D. labrax health. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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