Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 77, Issue 6, Pages 870-876Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.066
Keywords
Diclofenac metabolites; Hydroxydiclofenac; 8-Chlorocarbazole acetic acid (8-chlorocarbazole-1-yl-ethanoic; acid); 1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indole-2-one; Karachi
Categories
Funding
- National Geographic Society, Washington, USA
- German Science Foundation DFG [HU 583/10-2 BATPHARM]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Diclofenac and five of its transformation products were identified in Malir River and Lyari River water as well as in effluent samples from Karachi, Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of 3'-hydroxydiclofenac and 8-chlorocarbazole-1-yl-ethanoic acid in environmental samples. Their estimated concentrations ranged between 0.08-0.3 mu g L-1 and 0.03-0.4 mu g L-1, respectively. In addition, 4'- and 5-hydroxydiclofenac as well as 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indole-2-one were detected in the samples at concentrations between 0.4-1.8, 0.01-0.3. and 0.02-0.2 mu g L-1, respectively. The hydroxy derivatives seem to reflect human excretions via household waste-water, while the chlorocarbazole derivative is related to abiotic photolytic transformation of diclofenac. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available