Reduction of lipophilicity at the lipophilic domain of RXR agonists enables production of subtype preference:: RXRα-preferential agonist possessing a sulfonamide moiety

Retinoid X receptor agonists (RXR agonists, rexinoids) are interesting candidates for the treatment of cancers such as tomoxifen-resistant breast cancer and taxol-resistant lung cancer. However, well-known RXR agonists possess a strong lipophilic character. In addition, although RXR has three subtypes, no subtype-selective RXR agonists are known. Thus we aimed to produce less-lipophilic and subtype-selective RXR agonists. By designing sulfonamide-type RXR agonists, 4-[N-methanesulfonyl-N-(5,5,8,8-tetromethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrohydro-2-naphthyl)amino]benzoic acid (80) was found to prefer RXR alpha over RXR beta and RXR gamma, although the potency is less than the potencies of well-known RXR pan-agonists. Moreover, our results suggest that the reduction of lipophilicity at the hydrophobic interaction region of RXR agonists enables production of RXR subtype preference. Our finding will be useful for the creation of more potent and less-lipophilic subtype-selective RXR agonists aimed at the reduction of undesirable side effects.