4.6 Article

Determination of Explosives Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene

Journal

CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 1210-1216

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000836

Keywords

adsorption; electrochemistry; graphene; nitroaromatic compounds; sensors

Funding

  1. National 973 Basic Research Program [2007CB714501]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [20828006, 21035002]
  3. National Science Fund for Creative Research Groups [20821063]
  4. National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2010009]
  5. State Key laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry [SKLEAC2010008]

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A graphene-based electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive determination of explosive nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) was constructed by means of electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemically reduced graphene (ER-GO) adhered strongly onto the GCE surface with a wrinkled morphology that showed a large active surface area. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), as a model analyte, was detected by using stripping voltammetry, which gave a low detection limit of 42 nmolL(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio=3) and a wide linear range from 5.49 x 10(-7) to 1.1 x 10(-5)m. Further characterizations by electrochemistry, IR, and Raman spectra confirmed that the greatly improved electrochemical reduction signal of DNT on the ER-GO-modified GC electrode could be ascribed to the excellent electrocatalytic activity and high surface-area-to-volume ratio of graphene, and the strong p-p stacking interactions between 2,4-DNT and the graphene surface. Other explosive nitroaromatic compounds including 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) could also be detected on the ER-GO-modified GC electrode at the nM level. Experimental results showed that electrochemical reduction of GO on the GC electrode was a fast, simple, and controllable method for the construction of a graphene-modified electrode for sensing NACs and other sensing applications.

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