Synthesis of beta-Peptides with beta-Helices from New C-Linked Carbo-beta-Amino Acids: Study on the Impact of Carbohydrate Side Chains

The design and synthesis of P-peptides front new C-linked carbo-beta-amino acids (beta-Caa) presented here, provides an opportunity to understand the impact of carbohydrate side chains on the formation and stability of helical structures. The beta-amino acids, Boc-(S)-beta-Caa((g))-OMe 1 and Boc-(R)-beta-Caa((g))-OMe 2, having a D-galactopyranoside side chain were prepared from D-galactose. Similarly, the homo C-linked carbo-beta-amino acids (beta-hCaa); Boc-(S)-beta-hCaa((x))-OMe 3 and Boc-(R)-beta-hCaa((x))-OMe 4, were prepared from D-glucose. ne peptides derived from the above monomers were investigated by NMR, CD, and MD studies. The beta-peptides, especially the shorter ones obtained from the epimeric (at the amine stereocenter C beta) 1 and 2 by the concept of alternating chirality, showed a much smaller propensity to form 10/12-helices. This substantial destabilization of the helix could be attributed to the bulkier D-galactopyranoside side chain. Our efforts to prepare peptides with alternating 3 and 4 were unsuccessful. However, the P-peptides derived from alternating geometrically heterochiral (at C-beta) 4 and Boc-(R)-beta-Caa((x))-OMe 5 (D-xylose side chain) display robust right-handed 10/12-helices, while the mixed peptides with alternating 4 and Boc-beta-hGly-OMe 6 (beta-homoglycine), resulted in left-handed P-helices. These observations show a distinct influence of the side chains on helix fort-nation as well as their stability.