Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 1165-1176Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802793
Keywords
aggregation; bioimaging; carbon dots; doping; phosphorescence
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21621004, 21575101, 21622404]
- National Basic Research Plan of China [2018YFA0208900]
- National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars [21425416]
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Carbon dots (CDs) are new materials with applications in bioimaging, optical devices, catalysis, and many other fields. Their advantages, such as ease of large-scale preparation, low-costing precursors, highly tunable photoluminescence, satisfactory biocompatibility, and photostability against photobleaching, make them competitive alternatives to conventional semiconductor-based quantum dots and organic dyes. To overwhelm other luminescent materials in applications, their functionalities still need to be improved in spite of the abovementioned advantages. In recent years, it has been proven that heteroatom doping is an effective approach to improve the optical and electronic performance of CDs by tuning their carbon skeleton matrices and chemical structures. In this review, the development of non-metal-heteroatom-doped CDs, including heteroatom categories, preparation methods, and physicochemical properties, are discussed. Progressive trends in heteroatom-doped CDs are also discussed at the end of this review.
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