Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 20, Issue 48, Pages 15824-15832Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403943
Keywords
chemical exchange saturation transfer; imaging agents; medicinal chemistry; molecular imaging; magnetic resonance imaging
Categories
Funding
- NIH [R01 EB012590, R01 EB015031, R01 EB015032, U54A151838, S10RR025118, K25 CA148901]
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The optimal exchange properties for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents on 3 T clinical scanners were characterized using continuous wave saturation transfer, and it was demonstrated that the exchangeable protons in phenols can be tuned to reach these criteria through proper ring substitution. Systematic modification allows the chemical shift of the exchangeable protons to be positioned between 4.8 to 12 ppm from water and enables adjustment of the proton exchange rate to maximize CEST contrast at these shifts. In particular, 44 hydrogen-bonded phenols are investigated for their potential as CEST MRI contrast agents and the stereoelectronic effects on their CEST properties are summarized. Furthermore, a pair of compounds, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid and 4,6-dihydroxyisophthalic acid, were identified which produce the highest sensitivity through incorporating two exchangeable protons per ring.
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