Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 20, Issue 44, Pages 14256-14260Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404538
Keywords
dicarboxylic acids; heterogeneous catalysis; imides; Lewis acids; niobium oxides
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Funding
- JSPS [25106010]
- MEXT program Elements Strategy Initiative to Form Core Research Center
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26289299, 25106010] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Catalytic condensation of dicarboxylics acid and amines without excess amount of activating reagents is the most atom-efficient but unprecedented synthetic method of cyclic imides. Here we present the first general catalytic method, proceeding selectively and efficiently in the presence of a commercial Nb2O5 as a reusable and base-tolerant heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. The method is effective for the direct synthesis of pharmaceutically or industrially important cyclic imides, such as phensuximide, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), and unsubstituted cyclic imides from dicarboxylic acid or anhydrides with amines, hydroxylamine, or ammonia.
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