Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 20, Issue 11, Pages 3192-3197Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303702
Keywords
anode materials; hierarchical nanostructures; ion batteries; mesoporous materials; sodium
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Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) through the ARC FT project [FT110100800]
- ARC [DP1093855]
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Mesoporous SnO microspheres were synthesised by a hydrothermal method using NaSO4 as the morphology directing agent. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses showed that SnO microspheres consist of nanosheets with a thickness of about 20nm. Each nanosheet contains a mesoporous structure with a pore size of approximately 5nm. When applied as anode materials in Na-ion batteries, SnO microspheres exhibited high reversible sodium storage capacity, good cyclability and a satisfactory high rate performance. Through ex situ XRD analysis, it was found that Na+ ions first insert themselves into SnO crystals, and then react with SnO to generate crystalline Sn, followed by Na-Sn alloying with the formation of crystalline NaSn2 phase. During the charge process, there are two slopes corresponding to the de-alloying of Na-Sn compounds and oxidisation of Sn, respectively. The high sodium storage capacity and good electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the unique hierarchical mesoporous architecture of SnO microspheres.
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