Journal
JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY
Volume 63, Issue 7, Pages 511-523Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1369/0022155415582052
Keywords
immunohistochemistry; miscarriage; placenta; TaqMan-PCR; thyroid hormone receptors (THR)
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Thyroid hormones are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones has been associated with early pregnancy losses. The expression of THR alpha 1, THR beta 1 and THR alpha 2 increases with gestational age. The aim of this study was the investigation of the protein and mRNA-levels of THR isoforms THR alpha 1, THR alpha 2, THR beta 1 and THR beta 2 in normal, spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The identification of THR-expressing cells in the decidua was done with double immunofluorescence. The nuclear expression of THR alpha 1, THR alpha 2, THR beta 1 and THR beta 2 is downregulated at protein level in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages in villous trophoblast tissue. In decidual tissue, we found a significant downregulation only for THR alpha 1 in spontaneous miscarriages. For recurrent miscarriages, THR alpha 1 and THR beta 1 were both significantly downregulated in decidual tissue. By applying HLA-G as a trophoblast marker, we found a significant co-expression only for THR beta 2. The results of our study show that thyroid hormone receptors THR alpha 1, THR alpha 2, THR beta 1 and THR beta 2 are downregulated in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The majority of cells expressing the thyroid hormone receptors in the decidua are decidual stromal cells.
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