Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 19, Issue 43, Pages 14712-14718Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300005
Keywords
carbon; cathodes; electrochemistry; porosity; sodium
Categories
Funding
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [51042007, 51102010]
- 111 Project [B07004]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [ZZ1232]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China [NCET-12-0758]
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A porous Na3V2(PO4)(3) cathode material coated uniformly with a layer of approximately 6 nm carbon has been synthesized by the sol-gel method combined with a freeze-drying process. The special porous morphology and structure significantly increases the specific surface area of the material, which greatly enlarges the contact area between the electrode and electrolyte, and consequently supplies more active sites for sodium ions. When employed as a cathode material of sodium-ion batteries, this porous Na3V2(PO4)(3)/C exhibits excellent rate performance and cycling stability; for instance, it shows quite a flat potential plateau at 3.4 V in the potential window of 2.7-4.0 V versus Na+/Na and delivers an initial capacity as high as 118.9 and 98.0 mA h g(-1) at current rates of 0.05 and 0.5 C, respectively, and after 50 cycles, a good capacity retention of 92.7 and 93.6% are maintained. Moreover, even when the discharge current density is increased to 5 C (590 mA g(-1)), an initial capacity of 97.6 mA h g(-1) can still be achieved, and an exciting capacity retention of 88.6% is obtained after 100 cycles. The good cycle performance, excellent rate capability, and moreover, the low cost of Na3V2(PO4)(3)/C suggest that this material is a promising cathode for large-scale sodium-ion rechargeable batteries.
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