Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 19, Issue 26, Pages 8621-8626Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300886
Keywords
carbon interlayer configuration; cyclic voltammetry; energy storage; lithium-sulfur batteries; polysulfides; porous carbon materials; sulfur
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0005397]
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The cathodic reactions in Li-S batteries can be divided into two steps. Firstly, elemental sulfur is transformed into long-chain polysulfides (S8Li2S4), which are highly soluble in the electrolyte. Next, long-chain polysulfides undergo nucleation reaction and convert into solid-state Li2S2 and Li2S (Li2S4Li2S) by slow processes. As a result, the second-step of the electrochemical reaction hinders the high-rate application of Li-S batteries. In this report, the kinetics of the sulfur/long-chain-polysulfide redox couple (theoretical capacity=419mAhg-1) are experimentally demonstrated to be very fast in the Li-S system. A Li-S cell with a blended carbon interlayer retains excellent cycle stability and possesses a high percentage of active material utilization over 250cycles at high C rates. The meso-/micropores in the interlayer are responsible for accommodating the shuttling polysulfides and offering sufficient electrolyte accessibility. Therefore, utilizing the sulfur/long-chain polysulfide redox couple with an efficient interlayer configuration in Li-S batteries may be a promising choice for high-power applications.
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