Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 17, Issue 31, Pages 8671-8695Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003173
Keywords
cobalt; heterogeneous catalysis; oxygen; thermodynamics; metal-organic frameworks
Categories
Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [1362]
- Landesgraduiertenforderung Baden-Wurttemberg
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Crystal structures of two metal-organic frameworks (MFU-1 and MFU-2) are presented, both of which contain redox-active Co-II centres coordinated by linear 1,4-bis[(3,5-dimethyl)pyrazol-4-yl] ligands. In contrast to many MOFs reported previously, these compounds show excellent stability against hydrolytic decomposition. Catalytic turnover is achieved in oxidation reactions by employing tert-butyl hydroperoxide and the solid catalysts are easily recovered from the reaction mixture. Whereas heterogeneous catalysis is unambiguously demonstrated for MFU-1, MFU-2 shows catalytic activity due to slow metal leaching, emphasising the need for a deeper understand-=ing of structure-reactivity relationships in the future design of redox-active metal-organic frameworks. Mechanistic details for oxidation reactions employing tert-butyl hydroperoxide are studied by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy and XRPD measurements. The catalytic process accompanying changes of redox states and structural changes were investigated by means of cobalt K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. To probe the putative binding modes of molecular oxygen, the isosteric heats of adsorption of O-2 were determined and compared with models from DFT calculations. The stabilities of the frameworks in an oxygen atmosphere as a reactive gas were examined by temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). Solution impregnation of MFU-1 with a co-catalyst (N-hydroxyphthalimide) led to NHPI@MFU-1, which oxidised a range of organic substrates under ambient conditions by employing molecular oxygen from air. The catalytic reaction involved a biomimetic reaction cascade based on free radicals. The concept of an entatic state of the cobalt centres is proposed and its relevance for sustained catalytic activity is briefly discussed.
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