Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 16, Issue 16, Pages 4870-4880Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903277
Keywords
carbon nano-onions; cytotoxicity; fullerenes; nanostructures; proteins; sensors
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Funding
- State Committee for Scientific Research, Poland [N N204 111535, N N204 246435, N N204 374733]
- National Science Foundation, USA [DMR-0809129]
- FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER [R03TW008941] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Small carbon nano-onions (CNOs, 6-8 shells) were prepared in high yield and functionalized with carboxylic groups by chemical oxidation. After functionalization these nanostructures were soluble in aqueous solutions. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfo- phenyl)-2 tetrazolium (MTS) tests showed excellent cytocompatibility of all CNOs analyzed at 30 and 300 mu g mL(-1), so these carbon nanostructures can be safely used for biological applications. The first covalent functionalization of oxidized CNOs (ox-CNOs) with biomolecules, by using biotin avidin interactions is reported here. Multilayers were prepared on a gold surface by layer-by-layer assembly and the process was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Covalent binding of molecules to the short amine-terminated organosulfur monolayers was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using total attenuated reflactance mode (FT-IR/HATR).
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