Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 22, Pages 6570-6577Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm503312c
Keywords
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Funding
- ONR's Photovoltaic Program [N00014-11-10328]
- SOLAR Initiative at the NSF [DMR-10135217]
- NSF through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]
- NSF
- NIH/NIGMS [DMR-0936384]
- PCCM-MRSEC
- NDSEG
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We have synthesized three new isoindigo-based small molecules by extending the conjugated length through the incorporation of octyl-thiophene units between the isoindigo core and benzothiophene terminal units. Both UVvis and Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction experiments show that such extension of the pi-conjugated backbone can induce H-aggregation, and enhance crystallinity and molecular ordering of these isoindigo-based small molecules in the solid state. Compared to two other isoindigo-based derivatives in the series, the derivative with two octyl-thiophene units, BT-T2-ID, is the most crystalline and ordered, and its molecular packing motif appears to be substantially different. Devices utilizing these new extended isoindigo-based small molecules as the electron donor exhibit higher performance than those utilizing nonextended BT-ID as the electron donor. Particularly, devices containing BT-T2-ID in an as-cast blend with PC61BM show power conversion efficiencies up to 3.4%, which is comparable to the best devices containing isoindigo-based molecular semiconductors and is a record among devices containing isoindigo-based small molecules that were processed in the absence of any additives.
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