Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 1144-1153Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm4035159
Keywords
room temperature ionic liquid; mesoporous carbon; energy storage; interfacial structure; nanoconfinement
Funding
- Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
- Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
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The molecular-scale properties of the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C(4)mim(+)] [Tf2N-], confined in nanometer-scale carbon pores have been investigated using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering and fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. [C(4)mim(+)] [Tf2N-] densities significantly higher than that of the bulk fluid at the same temperature and pressure result from the strong affinity of the RTIL cation with the carbon surface during the initial filling of slitlike, subnanometer micropores along the mesopore surfaces. Subsequent filling of cylindrical similar to 8 nm mesopores in the mesoporous carbon matrix is accompanied by weak RTIL densification. The relative size of the micropores compared to the ion dimension, and the strong interaction between the RTIL and the slit-like micropore, disrupt the bulk RTIL structure. This results in a low-excluded volume, high-RTIL ion density configuration. The observed interfacial phenomena are simulated using a molecular dynamics model consisting of a linear combination of mesopore and micropore effects. These observations highlight the importance of including the effects of a porous substrate's internal surface morphology, especially roughness and microporosity, on the resulting electrolyte structural properties and performance in electrical energy storage applications.
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