Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 23, Issue 20, Pages 4557-4562Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm201947y
Keywords
carbon nanotubes; nanoenergetic materials; reaction propagation; power source; thermopower waves; energy storage
Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0700]
- National Science Foundation
- ILJU Foundation of Education and Culture
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Nanomaterials offer advantages as new fuels and energetic materials because of increased surface areas, enhancement of chemical reactivity that often accompanies a reduction in particle size, and the ability to form composites. Applications include new energy storage devices and power sources. In this work, we report the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with mono-, di-, and trinitrobenzenes via diazonium chemistry as a means of increasing their energy density. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms thermally initiated energy release from such systems, with no release from control materials. Analysis of calorimetric data shows a statistically lower value of activation energy at low conversion, providing evidence for nanotube-guided chain reactions. Although covalent functionalization introduces defects that tend to scatter electrons and phonons, reducing electrical and thermal conductivity, we show that thermopower waves are still able to rapidly propagate along such decorated nanotubes and produce electrical power. The results offer new ways of storing chemical energy within carbon nanotubes and new conduits for thermopower wave generators.
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