Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 21, Issue 13, Pages 2688-2695Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm9000569
Keywords
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Funding
- National Science Council of the Republic of China [NSC 98-ET-E-006-009-ET]
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Pseudocapacitive characteristics of manganese (Mn) oxide Were recognized in aprotic ionic liquid (IL), namely, butylmethylpyrrolidinium-dicyanamide (BMP-DCA), within a potential window of 3 V. The electrochemical energy storage mechanism was examined Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it was confirmed that the DCA(-) anions, instead of the bigger BMP+ cations, were the working species that compensate the Mn valent state variation upon charging and discharging in the IL electrolyte. During oxidation of the Mn oxide electrode, to keep the charges balanced, the quasi-linear DCA(-) anions were inserted into the tunnels between the MnO6 octahedral units, expanding the structural framework. Importantly, a highly reversible process was observed during the subsequent reduction step. XPS depth profiling analyses showed that the electrochemical reaction thickness was approximately 50 nm.
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