Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 20, Issue 19, Pages 6199-6207Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm801324m
Keywords
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Funding
- Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG-02-07ER46467]
- NSF [DMR-0805259, DMR-0120967]
- AFOSR EHSS-MURI [FA9550-06-1-0326]
- University of Washington NanoTech User Facility
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Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of regioregular poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) were created by in situ self-assembly of P3BT nanowires and the morphology and photovoltaic properties were investigated as a function of the blend composition. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of the blends revealed an interconnected network of P3BT nanowires of 11-15 nm width and 5-10 mu m length and an amorphous continuous PC61BM phase. The photocurrent density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of the P3BT nanowire/PC61BM solar cells varied significantly with the blend composition whereas the open circuit voltage was relatively constant (570-610 mV). A maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.52% was achieved at a 1:0.5 (wt:wt) P3BT:PC61BM blend ratio. The hole mobilities in the P3BT nanowire/PC61BM blends measured by space-charge limited current and field-effect transistors were on the order of 1 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V s and a linear dependence of current density on light intensity was observed in the blend solar cells. These results demonstrate that in situ self-assembly of polymer semiconductor nanowires as active blend component is a promising approach to the rational control of the film morphology of bulk heterojunction solar cells.
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