Journal
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS
Volume 160, Issue 1, Pages 1-10Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.03.008
Keywords
Amylin; Phospholipid bilayer integrity; Amyloid fibril; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; beta-cell death; Misfolding disease
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Funding
- European Molecular Biology Organization [ALTF-371-2007]
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Membrane permeabilization by Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) is suggested to be the main mechanism for IAPP-induced cytotoxicity and death of insulin-producing beta-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The insoluble fibrillar IAPP deposits (amyloid) present in the pancreas of most T2DM patients are not the primary suspects responsible for permeabilization of beta-cell membranes. Instead, soluble IAPP oligomers are thought to be cytotoxic by forming membrane channels or by inducing bilayer disorder. in addition, the elongation of IAPP fibrils at the membrane, but not the fibrils themselves, could cause membrane disruption. Recent reports substantiate the formation of an alpha-helical, membrane-bound IAPP monomer as possible intermediate on the aggregation pathway. Here, the structures and membrane interactions of various IAPP species will be reviewed, and the proposed hypotheses for IAPP-incluced membrane permeabilization and cytotoxicity will be discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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